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may be approximated by

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  • geomagnetic field — Magnetic field associated with the Earth. It is essentially dipolar (i.e., it has two poles, the northern and southern magnetic poles) on the Earth s surface. Away from the surface, the field becomes distorted. Most geomagnetists explain the… …   Universalium

  • Phase-shift keying — Passband modulation v · d · e Analog modulation AM · …   Wikipedia

  • Ray tracing (physics) — In physics, ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system with regions of varying propagation velocity, absorption characteristics, and reflecting surfaces. Under these circumstances, wavefronts may bend …   Wikipedia

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